山地城镇体系规模结构的计量分析及分形特征研究——以滇西南临沧市为例     

张锦  王培茗 《云南地理环境研究》2011,23(6):64-69

以滇西南地区临沧市2003～2008年各山地小城镇的人口规模数据为基础,运用城市地理学中的位序-规模法则、城市首位律及不平衡指数和自组织理论中的分形理论相结合的方法,对临沧市城镇体系规模等级结构进行定量和定性分析,从计量分析和分形研究两个方面对临沧市城镇体系规模等级结构特征进行总结,结果表明,临沧市城镇体系规模等级结构具有分形特征,处于低级平衡状态,发育还不成熟,但有开始走向成熟的趋势。最后根据临沧市城镇体系规模结构的特征提出相应发展建议。  相似文献   

京津冀都市圈城镇体系演化时空特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

肖磊  黄金川  孙贵艳 《地理科学进展》2011,30(2):215-223

基于1985、1990、2000和2007年的非农业人口,应用位序规模法则、ROXY指数、城市影响力等多种定量方法,系统研究京津冀都市圈城镇体系的规模结构、空间结构的演化.结果表明:京津冀都市圈虽为"双核"结构,但一直处于分散发展趋势,京、津两个巨型城市的非农人口占京津冀都市圈的比重日趋下降;京津轴线为京津冀都市圈最重...  相似文献   

U—TAE算法提取城市热岛信息的空间尺度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘宇鹏  杨波  陈崇 《地理科学进展》2011,30(9):1118-1124

U-TAE算法是一种使用不同范围的滑动窗口来提取城市热岛信息并根据稳健估计法设定窗口阈值的算法,该算法根据像元被记为热岛像元的累积总次数是否为0来区别热岛区与非热岛区,根据累积总次数的多少来判断热岛强度的强弱,具有动态阈值的特点和无偏特性。文章以长沙地区为例,对U-TAE算法在6个不同空间尺度上（5×5,11×11,25×25,51×51,101×101,201×201）对城市热岛信息提取的效果从提取范围、提取强度、空间构成以及大面积热岛提取稳定程度4个方面进行了评估。结果认为大小为11×11的窗口在4个方面均取得较好的效果,提取的城市热岛信息更加完整和有效。  相似文献   

面向对象的山地区域多源遥感影像分割尺度选择及评价     

鲁恒  李永树  唐敏 《山地学报》2011,29(6)

随着遥感技术的飞速发展,通过各种传感器获取的影像种类越来越多.传统的面向像元的影像分析技术已难以适应高分辨率影像,面向对象的影像分析技术应运而生.面向对象的影像分析技术所面临的首要问题是影像分割,如何选择合适的影像分割尺度已成为面向对象影像分析技术的关键.为了提高遥感影像分割尺度选择的准确性,通过对影像分析建立了分割质量函数,针对不同分辨率的多源遥感影像进行分割实验,获取了最优分割尺度,最后提出了一种顾及面积和光谱的分割匹配指数对最优分割尺度进行评价,并研究了分割尺度与亮度均值标准差、影像空间分辨率之间的对应关系.研究结果表明,构建的分割质量函数获取的最优分割尺度避免了人工分割带来的主观性,建立的同时顾及面积和光谱因子的分割匹配指数验证了最优分割尺度选择的正确性.  相似文献   

中国陆地海岸线尺度效应研究(英文)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏奋振  高义  周成虎  杨晓梅  费鲜芸 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(6):1101-1111

Spatial scale is a fundamental problem in Geography. Scale effect caused by fractal characteristic of coastline becomes a common focus of coastal zone managers and researchers. In this study, based on DEM and remote sensing images, multi-scale continental coastlines of China were extracted and the fractal characteristic was analyzed. The results are shown as follows. (1) The continental coastline of China fits the fractal model, and the fractal dimension is 1.195. (2) The scale effects with fractal dimensions of coastline have significant differences according to uplift and subsidence segments along the continental coastlines of China. (3) The fractal dimension of coastline has significant spatial heterogeneity according to the coastline types. The fractal dimension of sandy coastline located in Luanhe River plain is 1.109. The dimension of muddy coastline located in northern Jiangsu Plain is 1.059, while that of rocky coastline along southeastern Fujian is 1.293. (4) The length of rocky coastline is affected by scale more than that of muddy and sandy coastline. Since coastline is the conjunction of sea, land and air surface, the study of coastline scale effect is one of the scientific bases for the researches on air-sea-land interaction in multi-scales.  相似文献   

主体功能区情景下的土地系统变化模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李德一  张树文  吕学军  董立峰 《地理与地理信息科学》2011,27(3):50-53,113

主体功能区要求对国土实施相对严格的空间管制措施,以实现资源生态和社会经济发展的协调。选择黑龙江省哈大齐(哈尔滨-大庆-齐齐哈尔)地区为研究案例,以CLUE-S模型模拟了两种情景下的未来土地系统变化情况,结果表明,在不实施任何空间管制措施的情景下,耕地对草地的蚕食将延续,生态功能持续降低;而在主体功能区建设的情景下,居民地将大幅度扩展,且主要占用盐碱地,同时保持了耕地和生态用地的安全,在一定程度上可缓解土地利用冲突,优化土地利用结构和国土开发格局。  相似文献   

大尺度水循环模拟系统不确定性研究进展(英文)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

宋晓猛  占车生  孔凡哲  夏军 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(5):801-819

The regional hydrological system is extremely complex because it is affected not only by physical factors but also by human dimensions.And the hydrological models play a very important role in simulating the complex system.However,there have not been effective methods for the model reliability and uncertainty analysis due to its complexity and difficulty.The uncertainties in hydrological modeling come from four important aspects:uncertainties in input data and parameters,uncertainties in model structure,uncertainties in analysis method and the initial and boundary conditions.This paper systematically reviewed the recent advances in the study of the uncertainty analysis approaches in the large-scale complex hydrological model on the basis of uncertainty sources.Also,the shortcomings and insufficiencies in the uncertainty analysis for complex hydrological models are pointed out.And then a new uncertainty quantification platform PSUADE and its uncertainty quantification methods were introduced,which will be a powerful tool and platform for uncertainty analysis of large-scale complex hydrological models.Finally,some future perspectives on uncertainty quantification are put forward.  相似文献   

最近11万年来东亚季风轨道与千年尺度气候变率在南京下蜀黄土中的记录     

张茂恒  孟景闻  夏应菲  赖忠平  汪永进 《地层学杂志》2011,(3):321-327

对南京李家岗下蜀黄土剖面上部的近20 m地层进行野外观察和室内研究,划分出5层黄土和5层古土壤,按5 cm间距采集了Rb/Sr、色度、磁化率和粒度样品,并在剖面和可追索的相邻剖面上采集了13个光释光测年样品。分析结果显示,Rb/Sr、色度和磁化率等夏季风代用指标曲线所表现的4次岁差变率振荡具有高度的一致性,依据气候地层...  相似文献   

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷断裂系统及其对油气运聚的控制作用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

孙永河  韩钰萍  冯志鹏  付晓飞  刘哲 《地质论评》2011,57(1):89-100

在系统分析海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷断裂系统及其演化的基础上,研究了断裂演化对油气运聚条件的控制作用.研究表明,贝尔凹陷发育的断裂主要有4种类型:早期伸展断裂、中期张扭断裂、早期伸展中期张扭长期活动断裂和早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转长期活动断裂.可划分出3套断裂系统:早期伸展断裂系统、中期张扭断裂系统和晚期反转断裂系统.断裂的活动...  相似文献   

Global distributions of Fe,Al, Cu,and Zn contained in Earth's derma layers     

Jason N. Rauch 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011

To improve the usefulness and accuracy of modeling Earth's anthrobiogeochemical metal cycles, global maps at approximately 1° × 1° are produced of the concentrations and masses of Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn contained in continental sediments and soils. The maps generated utilize inverse distance weighting (IDW) and cokriging to generate new estimates for geospatially weighted mean global concentrations for these metallic micronutrients. Sediment metal concentration maps are generated from IDW of sediment samples; global soil maps are produced via cokriging upon an underlying parent rock dataset composed of both surface bedrock and sediment samples. Derived are independent estimates for the global mean concentrations in continental sediments (Fe = 3.1 wt.%, Al = 6.1 wt.%, Cu = 45 μg/g, Zn = 86 μg/g) and soils (Fe = 2.5 wt.%, Al = 3.9 wt.%, Cu = 17 μg/g, Zn = 50 μg/g). While continental sediment concentrations for Cu are within the range of previous estimates, Zn concentrations are relatively higher, ~ 20 μg/g above previous estimates. Fe and Al are slightly depleted (~ 1 wt.%) in continental sediments relative to previous estimates, likely ascribable to sampling bias and error inherent in the comparative methodologies. Besides an estimated global mean, metal concentrations in soils are also broken down by FAO soil group. Metal masses in sediments and soils remain within 30% of previous, non-spatial estimates. These maps also illustrate the discernable spatial variability across the Earth's surface. Despite data gaps, maps of metal mass show regional patterns such as the high quantities of Al in the soils and biomass of the Amazonia and Congo regions. Concentrations of metals are relatively high in the anthrosols of China. Finally, this analysis highlights those areas for which generating and providing publically available geochemical data should be prioritized. For instance, gypsisols, lixisols, and nitisols have little to no analytical data available on metal contents. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the most poorly constrained soil metal concentrations occur in the thick, old tropical soils of central Africa and the anthrosols of eastern China.  相似文献